beardslee



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

eno. w. BEARDSLEEQOF BUFFALO, New YORK;

` PLANINGJVLAGHINE.

y spefcieation of Letters rateneivo. 8,098; `datedl May 2o, 1851.

To all whom -25 may concern t Be it lmown that I, GEORGE W. `BEARDSLEE.

of Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, have `inventeda new and useful Machine for Planing Boards and Plank and theWorkingofMoldings, &c.: and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,"clear,fand exact `description, of` `the same, reference `being had to`the accomf` panying drawings, making a part thereof,

inwhich* y Figure l, represents a vertical horizontal section throughthe planing'` machinery.

i. 2, representsa top View of the machine.

i stock and cutterptheyfbeingiso attached to the side platesgorknife-stock frames, (to which all the `stocks are attached)` that theheel of the `stock is made elastic without varying the graduation ofthecuttingvedge of the knife. The knife Iis `so littedtoythe stock, andthe stocksoattached to the knife stock-frame :byya hinged bar and` boltithat,

the cutting edge is in an exact line with the center of the,` axleof thehinge. In `all modes heretofore known and used, for fixl ing cuttersto`side plates for` knife-stock frames, diliiculties have occuredfandhavethus farprevented their practical operation, and `which difliculties myimprovements` effectuallyremoves and obviates. i

isan almost invariable resultin running a` In all Xed stocks andcutters,where they are firmly bolted tothe side plates, whether the board orcutters be moved to produce a continued shaving-l-splinters or wedgesare taken from the board, `where it is cutting against `the grain, andare firmly bedded under a xedstock, thereby Causing great resistance andpressure, and frequently `a breaking up oftheistocks or bed. This largerportionofthe lumber required to be worked by powergmachines. But, whenthe stocks are madeelastic, this does not occur; if it should' however,the splinters and y wedges, are permitted to 'pass out, by the broken upelasticity of the stocks. -A `fixed `stock for cutter without a self`adjustable throat is inoperative from the fact that, if the cutters aregraduated to any given thickness of shaving, the `lumber `rnust beffofsuflicient thiclmess toallow all the cuttersfto take 0H the shavings ofthe graduated thickness.

If otherwise, it be thin, (as mostlumber from the saw has` greatinequalities in its t thickness) anda cutterl graduated `to an eighth ofan inch shaving, andthe thick-` ness of the board only permits it totake olf one half of thatthickness (if againstthe grainlthe wood beforethatcutter will be y raised `to the thickness Iof the graduation",`

`and the board `splitin the direction of the v grain to a considerabledepth, and thereby i clogging the throat, breaking and tearing theboard,and if the boardis separated,

will form a wedgeunder thepstockfand f the machine. q l

`theneXt board in" passing will break 7.

` Another diiiicultyiis found `practical operation with `a fixed stockand `cutter having `a. separateyielding bar foria JGhroator y mouthpiece; the bar cannot be madeto op erate as a self `adjusting throat,"it` being held by springs at each end,` andwinserted between thecutters, it israised by theboard in passing; and being separate itz is`raised unequally, if "the springs be iixed at the same pressure atvthetwo ends, andthe board passedythrough atanypoint on one side of thecenter of`thebar,j that end to which I the boardpasses the nearest, willbe raised thehighest. The resultbeing that,`the bar bears` hardf on theedge ofthe board nearest the center,while itis raised clear from theother edge.` This leaves that `portion without a pressure, and if Vthecutters are I working against the grain, thewood will betorn to. a`considerable depth and broken,

the lumber (ilestroyed,l and `the `machine Separate bars combinedstationary stocks and cutters, are not self adjusting, butrequireperpetually to` be altered to suit the width oflumber workedfand `thediliii culty in adjustingthem to theproper pressure at the two ends ofthe. bar, to suit `all and every width of board amounts to a pro-"hibition of their practical use.

In inyi-mproved stock fastenings Iters none ofthe aboye `diliiculties`ocmir;` t.

the edge of the cutter being at the point of the center of the axle, andthe heel of the stock elastic, the stock itself presses upon the board,and holds it to the bed, and its bearing is always in line with the cut,Whether the board is wide or narrow, or the springs be of unequalpressure or not, it 1s a self adjusting throat, and no wedges will becaused by an unequal pressure, in consequence of the bars not bearingequally on the board, and if any do occur, they will pass out with theshavings, and in no event can the heel of the stock be fixed below theline of cut, which is a great diiiiculty in all xed stocks.

My other improvement consists, in the application for a bed or carryingtable for the board, of the sectional endless platform. The operation ofthis for the purpose for which I design using it, is of great practicalimportance in machines of this class, where the power is all exerted inthe feeding of the machine. The endless chain for this purpose being apull instead of a push, has proved inoperative, from the fact that themachine is necessarily horizontal instead of vertical, and consequentlyall the dirt and grit falls into the machine and remains in the cutters;and under the heavy strain required to move the board the links inpassing over the chain wheel, cut upon their axles, and in a short timebecome worthless. This has been the practical result of all endlesschains for this purpose.

In the operation of the sectional plate bed, the `plates push each otherthrough under the cutters, and between the points where pressure isbrought upon the plates there is not lateral lmotion given to them, andconsequently no wear. In this mode of operation the whole power of themachine is required at the, point where the rollers clamp the boardl topass it through under the cutters. At this point immediately un der thecenter of the axle of thek roller, and under the plates, a littleelevated from the fixed bed, are placed two friction rollers, therebyrelieving this point from the friction of the bed and plates.

In my machine, thecutters being placed vertical, all the dirt, grit, andshavings pass off without aid all the gearing belts and pulleys areplaced beneath the mill floor, thus avoiding thev difficulties attendinggear and belts when in close proximity to the machine.

Any desired speed can be given to this machine without danger to any ofits parts, the amount which it can plane being only limited by thequantity which can be fed into the machine.

By the application of reverse cutters at the tail end of the machine,both sides of the board are planed at the same operation; and by alsoattaching matchers to that point,

lumber can be planed and matched at the same operation, and which Ipurpose doing in my machine.

Immediately in front of the irstcutter is placed a'cast steel scorer o-fabout two and a half inches in diameter, with sharp cutting edges formedon its periphery, and which is held firmly against the board by springs,and so fitted as to cut or score to the depth of the first shaving to betaken from the board. This scores the board crosswise of the grain, sothat the shaving in separatingfrom the board does not yeat into theboard, but is broken up.

To lubricate the sectional plates if desired, I fix a roller of softmaterial conforming with the shape of the under side of the plates andheld against them by springs on theirV passage on the back of themachine, and which roller may receive or be saturated with thelubricating compound .which is distributed to the plates.

My machine is constructed of iron or other material in the followingmanner:

vThe frame I I I, is cast with the side plates and the cross bearers F,F, F, with the fixed bed 3, 3, 3, all in one piece. In the grooves A, A,between the side plates, are fitted the sectional platesB, B, B, to formt-he endless bed or carrying table` for the lumber. These plates arecast of iron, and planed to an equal thickness, and on the underside ofsaid plates is formed a recess to fit the bed 3, 3, 3, which guides themsidewise while passing under the cutters. Near either outer edge areformed racks into which the cogs of the wheels G, Gr, G, work. Theplates at either end pass up and down in the grooves A, A, and are kept.in their proper position by the lugs X, X, X, and the wheels G, Gr. Thegrooves at either end are in the form of a concentric, for the purposeof passing successively each one of the series of plates from the backto the front of the machine and vice versa. The fixed bed of theymachine and the grooves are planed perfectly true to fit the plates.The feed rollers J, J, J, two in number, are placed in advance of thecutters, and are operated by the gear wheels O, O, O, underneath thefloor, and are connected by the shafts Z, Z, Z, which are unitedtogether by universal joints to permit them to be operated at anydesired point from the plate bed, and having their bearings in movableboxes h, 71, .which are fixed in the stands E, E, E, and are adjusted toany desired point by the spring bolts and nuts 4, 4, 4. The pinion M, M,M, operates the bevel gear 7c, le, which is attached to the main drivingshaft y, y, to which the gear wheels G, Gr, are keyed to operate .theplates-also the gear wheels O, O, to operate the rollers. The sideplates or knife stock frames I-I, H, I-I, are made of cast spes 3 iron,planed true, and tted to the main frame, to whichthey are bolted by thebolts and nuts R, R, working in the slots in the side plates, whichpermit them to rise to any desired point for the different thicknessesof lumber. These plates are adjusted by the raising screws g, g, g,whichmay be operated by beveled gear and a hand wheel so as to move bothends of the plates simultaneously and with great precision. Upon theseside plates or knife stock frames sockets are formed equal in number tothat `of the cutters into which the bolts p, p, p, are fitted. They areraised or lowered tolany desired graduation' of shaving by the nuts m,m, m, and made fast by the set screws L, L, L. The hinges i, z', z', arefixed to y these bolts by the pieces le, la, is. To these hinges arebolted the knife stocks a, a, a, by the bolts and nuts e, e, e. Thesehinges are also held to the plates by the bolts and springs n? n, n, and0, 0, 0. On the socket bolt-s lugs are formed to support the'heel ofeach preceding stock 4which keeps it in the same relative position tothe cutting edge of the knife. To the knife stocksv a, a, a, are boltedthe knives and caps B, B, and c, c, which are so fitted to the stocks asto make the cutting edge of the knife in `line with the center of theaxle of the hinges, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2.

`Underneath the heel of each stock are fitted pieces of steel f, f, f,to form the requiredthro-at.` The cast steel scorer 5, 5, 5, is fittedin front of the first cutter and `held by the springs 0. o. `Themaindriving shaft rests in the step N, N, placed undern'eath the floorpf the mill. The rollers g, g, are of such diameter as to travel withthe same velocity as the sectional latforrn or bed, and are fluted ontheir perip ery.

Having thus fully described my invention what I claim therein as newand' desire to secure by Letters Patent isf- `The yielding stock andcutter when made to yield uponan axle the center of which is in linewith the cutting edge of the knife, and this I claim whether the socketbolt, hinged bar, and nut are or are not used for the 4purpose ofgraduating and adjusting the cutters as herein set forth.

GEORGE W. BEARDSLEE.

